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this special aeronautics and space

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report brought to you by NASA Mariner

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maps entire Martian surface pioneer

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halfway to Jupiter surveying our earth's

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resources new advances in aeronautics

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and the last two Apollo flights to the

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moon 1972 a year of significant

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the mysterious red planet Mars is not

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nearly as puzzling as it used to be

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thanks to this spacecraft Mariner 9

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Mariner 9 orbited Mars continuously for

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more than half a Martian year probing

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sensing and photographing as the seasons

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changed below these are some of the

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things we've learned Mars has been

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geologically active with volcanic

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mountains there are indications that

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free flowing water may have existed

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sometime in past Martian history

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observed from above were huge impact

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craters and windblown dunes the more

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than seven thousand pictures returned by

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Mariner have enabled scientists to map

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the entire Martian surface and pinpoint

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landing sites for the unmanned Vikings

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Jupiter a thousand times larger than

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Earth distinguished by glowing yellow

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orange and blue gray stripes it appears

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to have its own internal energy source

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and is so massive that it is almost a

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small star we launched a spacecraft

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toward Jupiter called pioneer 10 it's

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still a quarter of a billion miles away

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from this largest planet in our solar

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system as it flies by jupiter in late

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1973 its cameras and sensors will return

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the first pictures and data ever

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this is what the orbiting astronomical

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observatory named Copernicus looked like

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before it was launched last August

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equipped with sensitive precision

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instruments including a 32 inch diameter

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telescope this heaviest of our unmanned

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spacecraft is studying stars and

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galaxies to gain a better understanding

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of how they evolve and eventually die

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now in orbit above the Earth's

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distorting atmosphere Copernicus has a

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clear view of the stars and is returning

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important new information to astronomers

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every day in cooperation with the

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Italian government NASA orbited another

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in the Explorer series of spacecraft the

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small astronomy satellite was launched

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from a platform in the Indian Ocean to

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study Earth's Sun interactions and

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84 sounding rockets were launched from

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NASA's Wallops Island stationed in

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virginia and other sites with payloads

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to study phenomena affecting the Earth's

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atmosphere these small relatively

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inexpensive rockets are telling us a lot

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about near-earth space below the region

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a comprehensive program to study and

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make better use of our earth's resources

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is in full swing high altitude planes

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and the new earth resources technology

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satellite are returning thousands of

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high quality pictures of the earth as a

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result scientists hope to better

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understand our planet its forests crops

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geology and pollution a new Nimbus

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research and development weather

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satellite is taking the first vertical

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temperature readings from space through

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clouds it is also monitoring a

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mysterious disappearing current off the

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west coast of South America and

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thermally mapping the Earth's surface so

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geologists can better understand what's

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happening below the crust to commercial

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communication satellites were launched

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for the communication satellite

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corporation adding new telephone and

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television channels both crafts become

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part of the global communications

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satellite network the a in NASA's stands

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for Aeronautics with a wide range of

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projects underway for example this

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airplane is equipped with a digital

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computer that was developed for the

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flight control system of the Apollo

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lunar lander its use in planes of the

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future should make air travel smoother

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many aeronautical problems are studied

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in massive wind tunnels without having

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to test full-sized planes engineers can

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for instance test a tale or wing section

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to destruction knowing in advance where

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structural weaknesses are makes it

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possible to design out many problems

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to help relieve airport congestion

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NASA's test flying short takeoff and

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landing planes like this one stole

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planes as they are called need very

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little runway to either take off or land

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and may play an important role in

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providing convenient short haul

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intercity transportation research is

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continuing to make presently operating

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commercial jet aircraft engines quieter

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and also to develop the technology for a

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new quieter engine less noisy takeoff

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and landing procedures are another area

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of study much of this work is being done

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by NASA's Lewis Research Center in

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Cleveland and the Ames Research Center

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near San Francisco 14 times the wingless

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m2 lifting body was dropped over a dry

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lake desert near the Flight Research

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Center in California craft like the m2

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are forerunners of the reusable space

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shuttle that will fly a space mission

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then returned to Earth landing like an

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during his visit to Russia President

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Nixon signed an agreement with chairman

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Kosygin of the USSR to conduct an earth

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orbital rendezvous and docking in 1975

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between a u.s. and a Russian spacecraft

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engineers from both countries have

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already begun working out the details of

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the mission to help pave the way for the

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longest Skylab mission next year

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astronauts Crippen Thornton and Bob co

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spent 56 days locked in a 20 foot long

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altitude chamber at the manned

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spacecraft Center Houston the purpose

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was to collect medical data which can be

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compared with that collected from the

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real Skylab flights Skylab crew training

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and spacecraft assembly and testing is

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also well underway Skylab will be this

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country's first space station it will be

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used as a platform to study the Sun the

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Apollo 16 with astronauts young

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Mattingly in Duke and Apollo 17 with

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astronauts Cernan Evans and Schmidt

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marked the fifth and sixth times

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americans landed on the moon these two

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flights also concluded the Apollo

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program but as astronaut Eugene Cernan

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said before Apollo 17 it's not the end

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you